The piccolo is a transverse flute which means it is horizontally played. It is commonly considered a younger sibling of the flute, having the same fingerings. It also has notes that are an octave higher than that of a flute’s and has half of a regular flute’s size. This gave rise to its name, Piccolo, which is Italian for small.

History

The piccolo originated from flutes but it first made its appearance in the orchestra on 1700. The earliest performance with a piccolo was “Rinaldo” by Handel on 1711. It was constructed with two sections with an E-flat key during the Baroque era. It was established in the orchestra around the middle of 1700 but was usually used in performances with a military disposition. It was not used in symphonies until Beethoven wrote parts for it in his 5th symphony.

Michael Janusch, a flute teacher, created the multi-key piccolo. It was like the flute with 6 keys which was traditional at that time. This gave rose to its development during the 19th century. The piccolo was also invented in D-flat which was used in many famous solos but is not heard of in the modern times.

Later on, it was revised by Mollenhauer and this gave the piccolo a popular instrument throughout the 20th century. It is now played as an integral element of the orchestra.

Metal vs. wood piccolos

Metal piccolos are commonly used in and are suitable for parades or in open spaced areas. It is very durable and can survive extreme environments and novice’s misuse. The downside of a metal piccolo is that it produces pitchy or sharp sounds.

While metal piccolos are better for beginners or long-term exposure, wooden piccolos are often played by professionals because it has a mellower pitch. Most are not completely made of wood because the mouthpiece may still be metallic. The wood composition makes maintenance more difficult and playing in the outdoors is a risk, specifically in hot weather. Its use is normally restricted to infrequent solos or as background music following other woodwinds because of its tendency to pierce through other orchestral sounds.

Playing the piccolo

It is much easier to play the piccolo if you learn to play the flute first given that both share the same qualities. Next, decide on which piccolo is best for the event you will be using it and fits your aptitude level and gather all the necessary accessories. You could also have private lessons on how to play the piccolo or you could learn without professional help.

Also be familiar with the minor, major, and chromatic scales and, most especially, master the range of the piccolo. As stated, piccolos produce notes an octave higher than the flute and it music is written one octave below its pitch. It would also be better to practice with an electric tuner. Observe how long you can be consistent with the rhythm and can hold the note steady.

Of course, always tune before playing and practice a lot of times. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Don’t forget to clean every after playing. Put a swab through your piccolo and tuning rod to remove spit and use a cloth to polish it.

Controlling the high pitches

Among all the woodwind instruments used in military bands and orchestras, the piccolo has the highest pitch causing it to stand out. It is also difficult to get the intonation right with the piccolo. You need a lot more lip control in playing a piccolo than most woodwind instruments. Controlling the high pitches needs extra effort and practice.

Besides that, the piccolo must be played extremely loud in a performance for it to give out quality sounds. Since the sound of the piccolo is prominent, the whole crowd becomes aware of wrong intonation and melody. The supposedly small piccolo isn’t so small after all.

Other Related posts:

1. About The Flute
2. About The Mandolin

The crumhorn is a capped reed member of the woodwind family. During the Renaissance, it was at its peak and it was revived in modern times. It has an unusual bent shape because it resembles the letter J. There are some people with presumptions that this is so to direct the produced sound to the crumhorn player.

Often, the crumhorn is wooden. It has a cylinder-shaped bore and a double reed which has a cap made of wood. The wooden cap is pierced by a slit where the lips of the player rest.

Etymology

Its name, crumhorn, originated from the German word Krumhornn or Krumphorn which means bent horn. This could be connected to the word crump, an old English word, meaning curve. This is also the derivation of the crumpet cake, a curved pastry, and the word crumpled. Cromorne, a French term similar to crumhorn, is a woodwind with a contrasting design.

Sound production

A twelfth is overblown by the crumhorn rather than an octave. That can be seen through the reed that covers the edge of the resonating tube and through the cylindrical bore. The reed vibrates as the player blows which causes a wave through the bore.

The length of the pipe is not the only factor that affects pitch because the breath pressure does too. This requires crumhorns to be at a fixed dynamic level when played and shortening notes implies crumhorn dynamics. The change in pitch of sound produced by the bagpipe while the player fills the bag is comparable to the variation in pitch caused by breathing changes.

Crumhorn music is commonly played by a consort of crumhorns because of limited range. A consort of crumhorns is a cluster of instruments with different pitches and sizes. Crumhorns are meant to copy the vocal quartet with bass, tenor, soprano, and alto. It has pitches in F and C.

The instrument has a naturally sharp sound that gives a good effect in the modern ensemble. The tone which is from nasal humming to rich buzzing depends on the way their reeds are voiced.

Structure

Crumhorns are made of wood which was hollowed, packed with sand, and closed. The bottom is steamed to become soft and bent to form a J shape. The bell is then hollowed out to be conical with the goal of increasing volume and sound production.

The reed is made of cane. This cane is folded and attached to a short tube called staple which is placed in the wooden pipe’s top. Access to the high notes comes with enormous difficulty because of the lack of reed control of wind capped instruments. Its range only encompasses the fundamental sounds made by consecutive opening of the horizontal holes. There are larger but rarer types of the crumhorn that widens the range by one to two notes down through auxiliary holes.

Possible origins and early use

In Europe, the crumhorn was used in the 1300’s to the 1600’s. It is said to originate from the chanter of bagpipes and the bladder pipe.

These could have been possibly played at the court of England’s King Henry the Eighth because he owned twenty-five pieces of the instrument. In Great Britain, crumhorns were not as popular as in the Continent where a small group of music for crumhorns has been kept. It was used in modern times by Richard Harvey and Brian Gulland from the rock group named Gryphon.

Other Related posts:

1. About the Clarinet
2. About The Piccolo

The mandolin is the newest member of the Lute family. It has eight steel strings tuned to the notes of G, A, E, and D. It is a descendent of the mandore which is one of the soprano members of the family. It commonly has the shape of a teardrop and has F-holes or one round sound hole.

History

In 15,000 BC to 8,000 BC, cave paintings and murals included single-stringed instruments. The different stringed instrument families evolved from this. In the centuries that passed, mandolins were developed to have frets and strings doubled to courses and a smaller lute called mandora emerged in the 4th century. Then, a petite gut-strung mandola called mandolino which had six strings grew in some areas in Italy. It was also referred to as a mandolin in Naples around 1735.

The literature about Italian musicians who journeyed all over Europe was the source of the very first proof of the steel-string mandolins. An example of a mandolin built in these early times was the mandolin by Giuseppe Vinaccia which is preserved in London, England. Geatano Vinaccia built the very first known mandolin in 1744. It is now preserved in Brussels, Belgium.

Because it originated from Naples, the mandolins built centuries back are called Neapolitan mandolins. These have bodies which are almond-shaped and have bowled backs. Its soundtable which is curved provides greater string tension. It has a bridge which is a movable piece of ivory or hardwood placed in front of pins holding the strings.

A few examples of those who built mandolins are the Ferrari family, Calace in Naples, and Luigi Embergher. The structure of the Neapolitan mandolin was developed by musicians in Rome which gave rise to the Roman type mandolin. The transformation of the bowl-back style of the mandolin to the flat-back is credited to Orville Gibson. In the 20th century, the mandolin was prominently used for bluegrass, classical, and jazz music.

The mandolin family

The few other members of the mandolin family are the mandola, mando-bass, octave mandolin, piccolo, mandocello, and cittern.

The mandola, also called tenor or alto mandola, is pitched a fifth under the mandolin. It has a scale length of approximately 16.5 inches. The mando-bass mandolins are tuned similar to a double bass and have four strings. Unfortunately, this instrument is quite uncommon.

The octave mandolin produces sound which is one octave under that of the mandolin. It is also referred to as mandole and has a scale length of approximately 20 inches. The sopranino or piccolo mandolin is pitched an fourth of an octave higher than the mandolin.

Mandolin styles

There are six mandolin styles – the Neapolitan bowlback, a-style flatback, f-style flatback, Maccaferi style flatback, solid body electric, and electro-acoustic mandolins.

Basics of playing

The very first step of playing the mandolin is to learn how to tune it because you cannot produce the right melody without proper tuning. Use a strap or place it on your lap when playing. For beginners, it is suggested for you to use a pick or plectrum. Lightly hold it between your thumb and pointer with its pointed end facing the strings.

You can adjust the pick angle to perform tremolo or fast triplets. Practice every note on a consecutive down-up cycle. To learn thoroughly, you should read good tutor books and watch videos online or at music shops. The difference with these two methods is that tutor books often assume that you can read music while videos teach in a follow-the-leader method.

Of course, the best way to learn is taking up lessons. It is always good to have someone oversee your development and guide you in honing your skills. Be oriented with the basics of music scales but this is usually taught in local sessions. Start with tunes you know – the simpler the better.

Other Related posts:

1. Playing Your Bass Guitar by Slapping
2. About The Piccolo

The flute is the most basic instrument in the woodwind family. It is a reedless wind instrument, otherwise known as an aerophone, which creates sound from the flow of air from an opening. Flutes are often made of wood in Europe while silver is the main flute construction material in the United States.

Theobald Boehm invented the modern flute. He created a bowl-shaped head connected to a cylindrical center with large finger holes and open-standing keys. Minor developments have been made after that.

Flute Construction

Modern flutes are often around twenty-six inches long and 0.75 inches wide. There are two open ends which makes it an open cylinder. It has sixteen openings – eleven are closed by seven fingers, one is closed by the left thumb, and four can be opened or blocked by arranged keys.

Flute Categories

The flute player blows directly across from the edge of the mouthpiece for most flutes. These are called end-blown. Another basic type is the side-blown flute. The hole in which the player blows is at the side of the tube. One more is the fipple flute which has a duct that maneuvers the air onto the edge. Fipple flutes are easier to play and has a distinct timbre compared to other flutes. Here are the categories of flutes based on origin:

1. Western concert flutes

The western concert flute is a descendant of the German flute. It is closed at the top and the embouchure hole is placed near the top. The regular concert flute can play three octaves beginning from middle C which gives it one of the highest pitches in the orchestra besides the piccolo.

2. Chinese flute

The Chinese flute, also referred to as di, have many varieties with diverse sizes, number of holes, intonations, and structures. The majority of di are made of bamboo. The distinct characteristic of Chinese flutes is the membrane on one of the holes that vibrates with the air inside. This causes the flute to have an intense and bright sound.

3. Indian bamboo flute

This instrument is significant in Indian classical music. Compared to western flutes, the Indian bamboo flute is simpler because they do not have any keys and are made of bamboo. There are two basic kinds of Indian flutes: the Bansuri and the Venu. The Bansuri is an eight-holed flute and has one embouchure hole near the top while the Venu has eight finger holes and requires the cross-fingering technique.

4. Japanese flute

Japanese flutes are called fue and these come in varied kinds. Most are made of bamboo and high-pitched. Fue have two varieties. One is the end-blown flute which has a hole on both ends. The other is the transverse flute which is held horizontally with the embouchure hole only near one end.

How does the flute work?

A rapid jet of air blown by the flute player from the mouthpiece is the source of power for playing the instrument. Inside the flute, the blown air together with the resonances in the air inside causes oscillation and thus vibration. As the air in the flute is vibrating, the energy from the jet of air is converted to sound which comes out of the end and the open holes.

Different areas in the flute’s cylindrical body cause the air to vibrate more easily in certain areas. This determines the pitch of the sound produced when certain holes are covered.

Other Related posts:

1. Learn to Play the Flute While Not Playing the Flute
2. About The Piccolo

The word Clarinet is derived from the Italian word clarino meaning trumpet with the suffix –et which means little. Thus, the name clarinet or little trumpet. In jazz, it is also called liquorice stick. A person who plays it is a clarinetist.

The Clarinet is usually wooden and vertically played. It has a wider bore which has a single reed and this, when activated, vibrates against a removable mouthpiece. Traditionally, the wood used is granadilla wood from South America, Africa, or Asia. Nowadays, it is most common as a B-flat clarinet which is about sixty centimeters in length.

Lineage

Its roots can be traced back to the Middle Ages where single-reeds or hornpipes were used in Europe and in the Middle East. The contemporary clarinet was from the chalumeau, an instrument likened to the recorder but with a single-reed.

It lacked a register key so, on the 1800’s, it was modified and one of the keys became a register key. This gave rise to the clarinet. It was primarily known as the clarinetto. Some say that the inventor was Jacob Denner while some claim that it was his father, Johann Christoph Denner.

What does a clarinet need?

Superior equipment is very important for the clarinet as it is for other instruments. The most important equipment of the clarinet is the mouthpiece. Of course, it is where air is blown into to produce music. Aside from that, it contains and controls the reed. Although they may have the same raw materials and the same method of manufacture, no two mouthpieces are alike so choosing the mouthpiece is very crucial.

Second is the state of the clarinet and third is the reed. As we all know, any musical instrument which is not at the right state will not play right or will not play at all. The reed is also very important because it is the part that vibrates and causes the production of sound. The clarinet itself comes in fourth.

Construction of clarinets

The clarinet is a closed cylindrical air passage which has an opening in the shape of a bell at one end. It has mouthpiece with a single reed which is made of cane. The reed should be at least three millimeters in thickness and around sixty-nine millimeters long for the clarinets in the United States. The clarinet body is normally made of wood. The B-flat clarinet has a three-octave range and is around sixty centimeters long while bass clarinets are ninety-four centimeters.

Common music genres with clarinets

The clarinet is an essential element of the customary orchestral instrumentation in classical music. To showcase the clarinet, a lot of chamber music and clarinet concertos were made such as those by Mozart. The one of the most common practices is the use of different kinds of the instrument to have a colorful variety but it is also widely used in solos for classics.

In the early jazz, the clarinet was a vital instrument and it remained famous in the time of the big band. It was used by swing clarinetist like Artie Shaw and also by jazz musicians namely Alcide Nunez and Louis Nelson Delisle. But as the big bands’ popularity faded, so did the clarinets central position in jazz.

It was also used in pop and rock music. Its diversity in the sound production gave it a chance on many genres. It could produce a softer or a louder volume which would make it able to create varied beats and melodies. An example in the pop and rock would be the clarinet trio in When I’m Sixty-Four by The Beatles.

Other Related posts:

1. About The Crumhorn

Musicians and music lovers can’t do without music gear. But they are a bit expensive. And people have a notion that if you want to buy a good gear then you have to spend a lot of money. But this idea is not fully correct. While it is true that the majority of them are expensive, that does not mean that you will not find any good quality gear at a reasonable price. You just need to have a crystal clear idea and have to know where to search and how to search for them.

There are lots of inexpensive music gear available now. Let us have a quick glance at some of them.

Microphone

Let us talk about microphone first. They are very important for doing music. Their price has fallen now. There are a whole lot of microphones available now and that too at reasonable prices. Marshall Electronics’ MXL V67G, Behringer BL can be a good option for you.

Mixer

Mixer is necessary for music and also for your home studio. There are lots of mixers available now in the market. Some of them come at low price. But be very careful before going for them. Before buying, you should be aware of some facts. You should check out how many channels they are offering. Make sure that they offer you at least 12 to 16 channels. Otherwise it will not be much useful.

The next big factor that you should keep in mind is the digital features. Many low price gear now provide various digital effects like reverbs. Many of these effects are inbuilt. These effects are also very good for general use.

Another option is having a firewire option. It will help you to send signal to the computer from the mixer. But this option is relatively new and it hasn’t appeared as an indispensable feature. So it is up to you whether you will use this or not. The Behringer mixers and the Mackie mixers are good quality low budget mixers.

Audio interface

Audio interface connects the mixer with the computer. It also converts the analogue audio signal to digital signal. Using a firewire audio interface or USB Audio interface will be good for you.

Computer Audio Workstation

Computers are very important for making music. You can mix music at home if you have a pc. But you just need a good configuration. There are lots of brands available that will provide you good PCs, both laptop and desktop at low prices. Brands that give good quality desktop are Apple iMac Desktop Computer with Intel Core, Apple Macpro recording package, etc. Laptops brands are, Apple MacBook Notebook computer with Intel Core, Rain Recording Live book L4 Laptop Audio Computer etc.

Studio Monitors

Studio monitors are almost like sound speakers. But they have got some differences. For instance, audio monitors are specially made to deliver the recorded material accurately. Alesis M1 Active 620 2 way near field Monitor, Behringer B2030A Active Studio Monitor, Dynaudio Acoustics BM5A Active Nearfield Monitor, Event TR8XL Tuned Reference Biamplified Monitors,etc. are good quality studio monitors.

Victor Epand is an expert consultant for music gear, speakers, and microphones. You can find the best marketplace for music gear, speakers, and microphones at these 3 sites: inexpensive music gear, speakers, subwoofers.

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Antonio Stradivari is believed to have been born in 1644; he made violins and other stringed instruments in Cremona, Italy until his death in 1737. He also made cellos, violas, harps, and guitars, but he is of course most well known for his famous violins. The Stradivarius violin for sale is now the unquestioned standard by which all other violins are measured.

Stradivari made his violins entirely by hand, and he took great care to choose only the perfect materials, from the woods all the way down to the finishing varnishes. The best estimates are that he produced somewhere around 1,100 instruments during his lifetime, including the violins. Of the approximately 630 to 650 of these instruments that still survive today, 512 are violins. Two of Stradivari’s sons also continued his work after his death.

Stradivarius violins for sale were the best ever made because of both their sound and their craftsmanship. They had a clear voice and a greater volume than any violin that had come before, and an absolutely superior tone. Stradivari achieved these results by making subtle changes to the popular models of the time. He changed the thickness of the wood (which he measured precisely), the arching, the formation of the scroll, and the coloring of the varnish. In fact, he continued experimenting with the proportions of his violins throughout his life.

There is still quite a bit of controversy surrounding Stradivarius violins for sale. However, certain construction details are known for certain. Stradivari used maple for the back, neck, and strip of his instruments, willow for the internal parts, and spruce for the harmonic top. Controversy arises in discussions about how the wood was treated or if it was perhaps soaked in salt water for a time, but it is doubtful that anyone will ever know for sure.

Today, many master violin makers use modern science to attempt to recreate Stradivari’s famous violins. They use digital imaging techniques and high tech scanning devices to virtually mimic the Stradivarius violins for sale that sell for millions. These violins are broken in over a period ranging anywhere from several months to several years. During this period, the Stradivarius violin for sale will gradually become a richer, more nuanced version of itself. The important factors in violin manufacture are dynamic range, clarity, projection, and response. In addition, as violins age, condition becomes an important factor. An older Stradivarius violin for sale with cracks and a history of repairs may deteriorate quickly with too much or too little humidity or changes in the weather. Problems can also develop with the violin’s structure and its tone.

A Stradivarius violin for sale represents the best of the best. Although the genuine article rarely comes up for sale outside of a prestigious auction house, high quality copies are available. In addition, after Stradivari’s death, large numbers of Stradivarius violins for sale were manufactured in France and the U.K., since there was no copyright on the name. Thus, a Stradivarius violin for sale may not be as expensive as you thought!

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Guitar amplifiers are used to make an electric and an acoustic guitar sound louder. The amplifier is designed to make the guitar produce sounds through a loudspeaker. Electric guitars and electric bass guitars use guitar amplifiers to make the sounds coming out of the guitar distinct.

The amplifiers were first introduced in the 1930s for electric bass guitar. Amplifiers were taken advantage and often used for rocks and blues music. There are two configurations for amplifiers: the combination and the standalone amplifiers.

When buying amplifiers, you would have to consider what type of music you play. Buying an inappropriate one can either drown or overcome yours and other sound. You would also have to consider the regular size of the performance, how big is the performance area. A big performance area, of course, requires bigger sound.

Combination amplifiers would include an amplifier and speakers inside a wooden cabinet. Combination amplifiers come in an amp stack. This stack, the cabinet, contains the speakers and the amplifiers. Standalone amplifiers, on the other hand, do not have a speaker. It is connected to a speaker. This setup is mainly used if you would be connecting several speakers to the amplifiers.

Actually, there are little difference between the quality of sounds produced by combination and standalone amplifiers. It is just that, combinations are more affordable than buying the speakers and amplifiers separately. Also, transporting combination amplifiers are much easier than separate ones.

When looking for speakers, pick one that is easy to carry. Brass cabinets are heavier and more speakers also mean more weight, so whenever you are buying them choose one that has sturdy wheels and handles. Also, when looking for speakers with the amplifiers, bigger sizes are not necessarily the best speakers. Sometimes, large speakers produce mushy sounds. Smaller speakers can produce tighter and more accurate sounds.

Amplifiers, nowadays, do not just produce the sound; they would even include built-in effects that could help in producing better sound. For example, some amps would have effects like compression and delay that could be used to modify or change your tone. Of course, it is more expensive if you would be buying amps with features like these. If you are just a beginning electric bass guitarist, then it would be better to get those amplifiers and speakers only. You could start getting the effects later, once you are already familiar with your craft.

Making a good choice is important because an amp would produce your desired sound. So do not compromise a good sound over price. If you have a good electric bass guitar, then you would need a good amp. There are many places where you can look for good amps; you just have to have patience searching.

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1. Buying An Electric Bass Guitar
2. What is an Electric Bass Guitar?

To understand the electric bass guitar, you would need to fully understand the parts of the guitar. What are the parts of the electric bass guitar? Here are the following parts.

Tuning heads or tuners – these tuners and tuning heads are used to tighten or to loosen the strings. Tightening or loosening the string would either decrease or increase the tension. Tightening the string would make the pitch higher, while loosening the string would make it lower.

Headstock and nut – is the piece of wood where the tuning heads are attached. The nut is between the headstock and the fretboard which raises the strings off and make them vibrate freely.

The neck this is the longest part of the bass. This is where you hold with you fretting hand. There are some guitars where the neck is very slim and faster to play, while others would still be chunkier. Necks are mostly made of maple and mahogany.

Fretboard and frets – this is also called the fingerboard. This supports you fingers when you are fretting. It contains the frets; the frets are pieces of metals found in the fretboard and at specific intervals. The intervals which the frets are spaced correspond to half notes. There are also fret markers which can be found in the fretboard. These markers helped the guitarist to identify the frets the guitarist to identify the frets just by looking at it.

Strings – there are commonly four strings with an electric bass guitar. Sometimes there are also some bass guitars which have about five or six strings. The four strings would be E, A, D and G. The four strings are tuned an octave lower than the regular guitar.

Body – the body of the electric bass guitar could be made of fiberglass, graphite, Lucite or Plexiglas. It is essential the body made of something hard and dense enough to resonate in a satisfactory way. There is a cavity inside the body where the electronics is found.

Pick-up – this is a magnetic device which allows the vibration to b picked up.

Volume and tone controls – these controls the volume and the tone of the bass guitar.

Pickguard – this protects the body from scratches.

Strap buttons – this is very important whenever performing in standing position. This can be found in the bottom edge of the bass guitar, with the other one on the top edge of the body.

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1. Tuning Your Electric Bass Guitar
2. How to Play the Electric Bass Guitar

Of all the instruments used in a band, it is the electric BASS guitar that contributes the least to musicality, so a band can really do without it.

And, of course, that’s pure rubbish, because some bands can actually do away with the guitar and the drums, but not the electric BASS guitar.

Often mistaken by people as simply the second guitar in a band, the electric BASS guitar enables the bassist (or merely the other guitarist to some people) to lay down the musical foundations of a performance. Designed to play the notes on lower octave, it provides the rhythm and improves the harmony of a song. The rhythm is basically the beat to which you tap your fingers or foot when you sing along a song. Harmony, on the other hand, is how several notes sound in unison relative to the lowest or bass notes.

Though it looks like a guitar, the electric BASS guitar is a spin-off of the double bass. That really huge stringed guitar-like instrument you often see played with a bow in orchestras. Invented by Paul Tutmarc in the early 1930s, the electric BASS guitar is solid-bodied and has a longer fret board than the guitar. It normally doesn’t have a guitars hollow body, because it uses a bass amplifier as a resonator. But there are some acoustic type bass guitars that can also be connected to the amplifier.

Unlike the guitar, it can have four to six strings, with the four-stringed type being the most commonly used. So, you may ask, if the electric BASS guitar has fewer strings and takes care only of the lower octave notes, does it mean it’s easier to play than the guitar? Well, it is in some aspects and not for others. Definitely, it is physically easier to play with its narrower fretboard or neck and less bulky body. Some seasoned bassists even say it’s good to learn bass guitar first before guitar.

However, with the bass guitar providing the rhythm and harmony which by the way are two of music’s three basic elements, it may be a bit trickier to play than guitar. You need to have a good grasp of the electric BASS guitars functions first to be able to play the bassists role fairly well. So they say, a lousy band can be saved by a good bassist, but a good band should just drop a lousy bassist.

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1. Learning To Playing Electric Bass Guitar
2. 5 Things to Know Before Playing Bass Guitars